The journal is committed to maintaining academic integrity and scholarly originality in all published manuscripts. Therefore, all submitted manuscripts undergo a plagiarism screening process prior to the peer review stage.

Each submitted article is checked using text similarity detection software (such as Turnitin or similar tools) to ensure that the manuscript is free from plagiarism, duplicate publication, and self-plagiarism.

Plagiarism Screening Criteria

• Manuscripts must have a similarity index of no more than 20%, with careful consideration of proper citations and references.

• Similarity resulting from properly cited direct quotations is not considered a violation.

• References and quotations are excluded from the similarity calculation.

Actions for Plagiarism Findings

If an unacceptable level of similarity or indications of plagiarism are identified:

• The manuscript may be returned to the author for revision, or

• Rejected outright if the violation is deemed serious.

Any form of plagiarism, including the unauthorized use of ideas, data, or text without proper attribution, is strictly prohibited.

Additional Provisions

• Plagiarism checks are conducted twice, namely before peer review and prior to final publication.

• The journal adheres to international publication ethics standards and follows the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) in handling alleged breaches of academic integrity.